Transmission of different isolates of Spiroplasma citri to carrot and citrus by Circulifer tenellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).
نویسندگان
چکیده
Carrot purple leaf disease was first reported in 2006 in the state of Washington and was associated with Spiroplasma citri. The disease also was reported in California in 2008. The objectives of this work were to fulfill Koch's postulates and to determine 1) whether the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), transmits carrot [Daucus carota L. subsp. Sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang] isolates of S. citri; and 2) whether carrot and citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]-derived spiroplasmas are pathogenic to both plant species. C. tenellus adults received a 24-h acquisition access period to a diet containing carrot-derived S. citri. After 30 d, insects were transferred to healthy carrot seedlings (five per plant). Negative controls were carrot and periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] plants exposed to diet-only-fed insects, and positive controls were periwinkle plants exposed to insects fed on spiroplasma-supplemented diet. Purple carrot leaves and small, chlorotic periwinkle leaves were evident 10-45 d after exposure. Spiroplasmas were reisolated only from symptomatic plants, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed their identity as S. citri. No symptoms occurred, and no spiroplasma-specific PCR amplifications or spiroplasma cultures were obtained from plants exposed to diet only-fed insects. Carrot-derived S. citri was transmitted to 15 and 50% of carrot and periwinkle plants exposed, respectively. Insects exposed to S. citri isolates from carrot or citrus transmitted the pathogen to both their host of origin and to the other plant host (carrot or citrus), showing no isolate-host specificity. Our findings confirm that carrot is a host of S. citri. Although carrot is not a preferred host of C. tenellus, it is likely that inoculative leafhoppers feed on carrot during seasonal migration.
منابع مشابه
Improvement of Detection Methods and Further Characterization of Spiroplasma citri, the Causal Agent of Citrus Stubborn Disease in Egypt
Stubborn disease of citrus is one of the main causes of quality deterioration of citrus fruits in Egypt. The early detection and the molecular characterization of the causal agent are vital for revealing its real distribution and for management. In 2011, several samples were collected at different times of the year from stubborn suspected symptomatic trees within the main citrus growing area in...
متن کاملردیابی عامل بیماری ریزبرگی مرکبردیابی عامل بیماری ریزبرگی مرکبات در زنجرکهای جمع آوری شده از جنوب استان کرمان
Citrus stubborn disease is caused by the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri. The pathogen is naturally transmitted by sap feeding leafhopper vectors. In the present study attempts were made to detect S. citri in presumptive vectors. Leafhoppers were collected from various wild and cultivated plants in citrus growing areas in Jirfot. Fifteen leafhopper species were identified and 12 species w...
متن کاملInvolvement of a Minimal Actin-Binding Region of Spiroplasma citri Phosphoglycerate Kinase in Spiroplasma Transmission by Its Leafhopper Vector
BACKGROUND Spiroplasma citri is a wall-less bacterium that colonizes phloem vessels of a large number of host plants. Leafhopper vectors transmit S. citri in a propagative and circulative manner, involving colonization and multiplication of bacteria in various insect organs. Previously we reported that phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), the well-known glycolytic enzyme, bound to leafhopper actin an...
متن کاملردیابی عامل بیماری ریزبرگی مرکبردیابی عامل بیماری ریزبرگی مرکبات در زنجرکهای جمع آوری شده از جنوب استان کرمان
Citrus stubborn disease is caused by the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri. The pathogen is naturally transmitted by sap feeding leafhopper vectors. In the present study attempts were made to detect S. citri in presumptive vectors. Leafhoppers were collected from various wild and cultivated plants in citrus growing areas in Jirfot. Fifteen leafhopper species were identified and 12 species w...
متن کاملDisruption of a gene predicted to encode a solute binding protein of an ABC transporter reduces transmission of Spiroplasma citri by the leafhopper Circulifer haematoceps.
Spiroplasma citri is transmitted from plant to plant by phloem-feeding leafhoppers. In an attempt to identify mechanisms involved in transmission, mutants of S. citri affected in their transmission must be available. For this purpose, transposon (Tn4001) mutagenesis was used to produce mutants which have been screened for their ability to be transmitted by the leafhopper vector Circulifer haema...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of economic entomology
دوره 102 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009